A tooth filling is a dental restoration procedure where material is used to repair damage caused by tooth decay or trauma, effectively rebuilding the tooth’s structure and preventing further deterioration while restoring its function and appearance.

At Image Dental, we understand that learning you need a dental filling might raise questions or concerns. That’s why we’ve created this comprehensive guide to walk you through everything you need to know about tooth fillings—from why they’re necessary to what happens during the procedure and how to care for them afterward.

Many people feel anxious about getting a filling, worrying about pain, appearance, or cost. We’re here to reassure you that modern dental fillings are comfortable, aesthetically pleasing, and a crucial investment in your long-term oral health. With advances in dental technology and materials, today’s fillings are more durable and natural-looking than ever before.

Key Takeaways

This guide will help you understand everything you need to know about dental fillings, so you can feel confident and informed when getting this common dental treatment:

  • What dental fillings are and why they’re necessary for treating tooth decay
  • The different types of filling materials available today and their pros and cons
  • What to expect during your filling appointment from start to finish
  • How to properly care for your teeth after getting a filling
  • How long different types of fillings typically last
  • When you should contact your dentist about issues with existing fillings

What is a Tooth Filling?

A tooth filling is a way to restore a tooth damaged by decay back to its normal function and shape. When our dentists at Image Dental perform a filling, we first remove the decayed tooth material, clean the affected area, and then fill the cleaned-out cavity with a filling material. By closing off spaces where bacteria might enter, fillings help prevent further decay and restore the tooth’s integrity.

Is a filling the same as a cavity? Not exactly. A cavity is the hole in your tooth created by decay, while a filling is the material used to repair that hole. Think of it like this: the cavity is the problem, and the filling is the solution.

Fillings do more than just fill holes. They help prevent further decay by sealing off spaces where bacteria can enter, and they also help restore your tooth’s strength and function, allowing you to bite and chew normally. With today’s modern materials, fillings can be virtually invisible, matching the natural color of your teeth.

Why Do You Need a Tooth Filling?

There are several reasons you might need a dental filling. Understanding these can help you recognize potential issues early and seek treatment before more extensive damage occurs.

Cavities (Tooth Decay)

The most common reason for needing a filling is to treat a cavity. Tooth decay occurs when bacteria in your mouth produce acids that eat away at your tooth enamel. This process creates small holes (cavities) that grow larger over time if left untreated.

According to the American Dental Association, tooth decay is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. Early treatment with fillings can prevent decay from spreading deeper into the tooth, where it might eventually reach the pulp and require a root canal.

Signs you might have a cavity include:

  • Tooth sensitivity to sweet, hot, or cold foods and drinks
  • Mild to sharp pain when eating or drinking
  • Visible holes or pits in your teeth
  • Brown, black, or white staining on the surface of a tooth
  • Pain when biting down

Cracked or Broken Teeth

Small cracks or chips in teeth can sometimes be repaired with fillings. This type of damage might occur from:

  • Biting down on something hard
  • Sports injuries
  • Accidents or falls
  • Teeth grinding (bruxism)

For minor fractures, a filling can restore the tooth’s shape and function. However, more severe damage might require a crown, onlay, or other restorative treatments. If you’ve damaged a tooth, it’s important to see a dentist as soon as possible—we offer emergency dental services for these situations.

Worn Teeth

Over time, teeth can wear down from:

  • Tooth grinding or clenching
  • Brushing too hard
  • Acidic foods and drinks
  • Age-related changes

When tooth enamel wears away, your teeth may become sensitive or change in appearance. Fillings can help rebuild these worn areas, protecting the tooth from further damage and reducing sensitivity.

The Tooth Filling Procedure

Knowing what to expect during your filling appointment can help ease any anxiety. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the typical procedure:

Numbing the Tooth

First, we’ll make sure you’re comfortable by numbing the area around the tooth. We apply a topical numbing gel to the gum tissue, followed by a local anesthetic injection. Many patients wonder, “Is tooth filling painful?” With modern anesthetics and techniques, you should feel minimal to no pain during the procedure.

The numbing process takes just a few minutes, and while you might feel a slight pinch from the injection, most patients report that it’s much less uncomfortable than they anticipated. Once numb, you’ll be able to remain awake and alert during the procedure, but won’t feel pain in the treated area.

Removing the Decay

Once you’re comfortably numb, our dentist will use special dental instruments to remove the decayed portion of your tooth. This might include a dental drill, air abrasion instrument, or laser, depending on the extent of the decay and the location of the cavity.

During this process, you might feel some pressure or vibration, but you shouldn’t feel pain. Our dentists at Image Dental work carefully to remove only the damaged portion of the tooth, preserving as much of your natural tooth structure as possible.

Cleaning the Tooth

After all decay has been removed, we thoroughly clean the cavity to remove bacteria and debris. This critical step prevents bacteria from becoming trapped under the filling, which could lead to further decay or infection.

The cleaning process might involve rinsing the area with water or specialized solutions designed to prepare the tooth for the filling material. This ensures the filling will properly adhere to your tooth.

Applying the Filling

The cleaned cavity is then filled with your chosen filling material. The application process varies depending on the type of filling:

  • For amalgam fillings: The material is packed into the cavity and shaped.
  • For composite fillings: The resin is applied in layers, with each layer hardened using a special light before applying the next.
  • For glass ionomer: The material is mixed and placed in the cavity where it chemically bonds to the tooth.

Our dentist will carefully shape the filling to match your tooth’s natural contours and ensure your bite feels normal.

Polishing the Filling

Finally, the filling is polished to create a smooth surface. This step is important because rough edges could irritate your mouth or tongue, collect food debris, or cause irregular wear on opposing teeth.

The entire process typically takes between 30 minutes to an hour, depending on the size and location of the cavity, and the type of filling used. When the procedure is complete, you’ll be able to leave the office right away, though the numbness will take a few hours to wear off completely.

Types of Filling Materials

There are several types of filling materials available today, each with its own advantages and considerations. Understanding the differences can help you make an informed decision about what’s best for your teeth.

Amalgam (Silver Fillings)

Amalgam fillings have been used for over 150 years and are made from a mixture of metals including silver, tin, copper, and mercury.

Advantages:

  • Extremely durable and long-lasting (15+ years)
  • Cost-effective
  • Withstand significant chewing forces
  • Require fewer visits (can be placed in one appointment)

Considerations:

  • Silver/gray appearance makes them noticeable, especially in front teeth
  • Some patients have concerns about mercury content, though the American Dental Association affirms they are safe
  • May require more tooth structure removal than some alternatives
  • Can cause temporary temperature sensitivity

Composite Resin (Tooth-Colored Fillings)

Composite fillings are made of a plastic and fine glass particle mixture that can be colored to match your natural teeth.

Advantages:

  • Natural appearance that blends with tooth color
  • Bonds directly to tooth structure, providing good support
  • Requires less tooth structure removal
  • Versatile for repairing chips and cracks
  • Contains no mercury

Considerations:

  • Typically don’t last as long as amalgam (5-10 years)
  • May chip or wear over time
  • Can be more expensive than amalgam
  • Take longer to place (multiple layers must be applied)
  • May stain over time from coffee, tea, or tobacco

Glass Ionomer

Glass ionomer fillings are made from acrylic and a specific type of glass material (fluoroaluminosilicate). They’re often used for fillings below the gum line or for young children.

Advantages:

  • Release fluoride, which helps prevent further decay
  • Bond chemically to the tooth structure
  • Good option for root surfaces or non-biting surfaces
  • Minimal preparation of the tooth required

Considerations:

  • Less durable than other materials (typically last 5 years)
  • More susceptible to wear and fracture
  • Limited to small areas and non-biting surfaces
  • Not as aesthetically pleasing as composite

Gold Fillings

Gold fillings (inlays or onlays) are custom made in a laboratory and then cemented into place.

Advantages:

  • Extremely durable (20+ years)
  • Won’t corrode
  • Strong and wear-resistant
  • Some patients prefer the appearance of gold

Considerations:

  • Most expensive filling option
  • Require multiple visits
  • Some patients don’t like the appearance
  • May cause galvanic shock (a sharp pain caused by electric current) when placed near silver fillings

Porcelain (Ceramic) Inlays/Onlays

Porcelain fillings are custom-made in a lab and then bonded to the tooth. They’re often referred to as inlays (within the cusps of the tooth) or onlays (covering one or more cusps).

Advantages:

  • Highly aesthetic and natural-looking
  • Color-matched to your natural tooth
  • Resistant to staining
  • Durable and long-lasting (15+ years)
  • Don’t expand or contract significantly with temperature changes

Considerations:

  • More expensive than direct fillings
  • Require multiple visits
  • May wear opposing teeth more than composite or amalgam
  • Brittle material that can fracture under extreme pressure

Benefits of Tooth Fillings

Getting a filling does more than just fix a cavity. Here are the key benefits of this common dental procedure:

Restores Tooth Function

Cavities and damaged teeth can make everyday actions like eating and speaking painful or difficult. Fillings restore the tooth’s structure, allowing you to bite and chew normally again without pain or discomfort. This is especially important for back teeth (molars), which bear most of the force when chewing.

Prevents Further Decay

Left untreated, a cavity will continue to grow larger, potentially reaching the inner pulp of the tooth and causing severe pain and infection. By removing the decayed portion and sealing the area with a filling, we prevent bacteria from causing further damage. According to the Mayo Clinic, treating decay early with fillings can help you avoid more extensive and expensive treatments like root canals or extractions.

Relieves Pain and Sensitivity

Cavities often cause pain or sensitivity, especially to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks. Once the decay is removed and the tooth is filled, this discomfort typically disappears, allowing you to enjoy your favorite foods again without pain.

Improves Appearance

Modern tooth-colored fillings can dramatically improve the appearance of damaged or decayed teeth. Composite resin fillings, in particular, can be precisely matched to your natural tooth color, making them virtually invisible. This makes them an excellent option for front teeth where aesthetics are particularly important.

How Long Do Fillings Last?

One of the most common questions we hear is, “How long does a tooth filling last?” The longevity of your filling depends on several factors, including the material used, the size and location of the filling, your oral hygiene habits, and lifestyle factors like diet and whether you grind your teeth.

Here’s a general overview of how long you can expect different types of fillings to last:

  • Amalgam (silver) fillings: 10-15 years on average, though many last 20 years or more
  • Composite resin (tooth-colored) fillings: 5-10 years on average
  • Glass ionomer fillings: 5 years on average
  • Gold fillings: 15-30 years or more
  • Porcelain inlays/onlays: 15-20 years on average

According to a study published in the Journal of the American Dental Association, larger fillings typically have shorter lifespans than smaller ones, regardless of the material used. Additionally, fillings in molars, which are subject to more chewing forces, tend to wear out faster than those in front teeth.

Aftercare for Tooth Fillings

Proper care after getting a filling will help ensure it lasts as long as possible and that you remain comfortable during the healing process.

Temporary Sensitivity

It’s normal to experience some sensitivity to pressure, air, sweet foods, or temperature changes for a few days or weeks after receiving a filling. This typically subsides on its own as your tooth adjusts to the new filling.

To manage sensitivity:

  • Avoid very hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks for the first few days
  • Use a toothpaste designed for sensitive teeth
  • Take over-the-counter pain relievers if recommended by your dentist
  • Brush gently around the filled tooth

If sensitivity persists for more than a few weeks or is severe, contact our office, as this could indicate a problem with the filling or an issue with your bite alignment.

Oral Hygiene

Maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial for prolonging the life of your filling and preventing new cavities from forming. We recommend:

  • Brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste
  • Flossing daily to remove plaque between teeth
  • Using an antimicrobial mouthwash to reduce bacteria
  • Considering an electric toothbrush for more effective cleaning

Regular dental exams and professional cleanings are also essential for maintaining your fillings and overall oral health.

Dietary Habits

Certain foods and habits can damage fillings or increase your risk of developing new cavities:

  • Limit sugary foods and drinks, which contribute to tooth decay
  • Avoid extremely hard foods that could fracture a filling (ice, hard candy, etc.)
  • Be careful with sticky foods like caramels or taffy, which might pull at fillings
  • If you drink coffee, tea, or red wine, rinse with water afterward to reduce staining (especially important for composite fillings)
  • Consider using a straw for acidic or staining drinks

Nightguards for Teeth Grinding

If you grind or clench your teeth—a condition known as bruxism—you may be at higher risk for damaged fillings. Your dentist might recommend a custom nightguard to protect your teeth and fillings from excessive force while you sleep.

When to See a Dentist About Your Filling

Even the best fillings don’t last forever. Being aware of potential issues can help you address problems early, before they require more extensive treatment.

Contact your dentist if you notice:

  • Sharp edges on the filling that can cut your tongue or cheek
  • A crack or chip in the filling
  • A filling that has fallen out completely
  • Persistent pain or sensitivity around the filled tooth
  • A noticeable gap between the filling and tooth
  • Darkening around the edges of a filling (which could indicate new decay)
  • Pain when biting down, which could indicate the filling is too high

According to the Cleveland Clinic, damaged or worn fillings can allow bacteria to enter under the filling and cause new decay that’s not visible during a regular dental exam. This is why regular dental check-ups with x-rays are important for monitoring the condition of your fillings.

Tooth Filling Options at Image Dental

At our Stockton dental practice, we offer a variety of filling options to meet your individual needs and preferences. Our dentists take the time to discuss the advantages and considerations of each type, helping you make the best choice for your specific situation.

We prioritize patient comfort during filling procedures, using the latest techniques and technologies to ensure your experience is as pleasant as possible. Our tooth-colored composite fillings are particularly popular among patients who want natural-looking results.

We also stay current with the latest advancements in dental materials and techniques, ensuring that you receive the highest quality care for treating cavities and repairing damaged teeth.

Schedule Your Tooth Filling Appointment

If you’re experiencing tooth pain, sensitivity, or have noticed a visible hole or dark spot on your tooth, don’t wait—these could be signs of a cavity that needs treatment. The sooner you address dental decay, the simpler and less expensive the treatment will be.

Regular dental check-ups can also help identify cavities before they cause symptoms, allowing for earlier and more conservative treatment. At Image Dental, we make the filling process comfortable and stress-free, using the latest techniques and materials to restore your smile’s health and beauty.

Request Your Appointment today to take care of your smile. Our friendly team in Stockton is ready to help you maintain healthy teeth for life with preventive care and expert restorative treatments like dental fillings.